Casualties

During invasion, both the attacker and the defender will lose units, except for units which are immortal. These lost units are referred to as casualties.

Offensive Casualties

When attacking, the invader loses a base rate of 8.5% of the units required to break the target.

If you send 6,000 units but only 5,000 were necessary to break the target, you suffer 8.5% losses of the 5,000 units.

You would lose

$5000*8.5\%=425units$

and not

$6000*8.5\%=510units$

If you fail to break your target, you will suffer 8.5% casualties of the units sent on attack.

Attacking a wonder will always cause 3.5% casualties except for Gnome Suicide Squads.

Defensive Casualties

Defensive losses start at a base rate given by,

$4.05\%*{\frac {DefenderAcres}{AttackerAcres}}$

meaning that you take less casualties if you are invaded by someone at the very top of your range. The upper range of this is capped at the baseline 4.05%; you will not take increased defensive losses if you are invaded by someone smaller than you are.

This can also be increased if the attacker sends more units than required to break the target. Casualties increase or decrease linearly: sending 110% of what is needed to break will cause 110% of the expected casualties as per

$4.05\%*{\frac {DefenderAcres}{AttackerAcres}}*{\frac {AttackerOP}{DefenderDP}}$

At most, defensive casualties can be 6%. Conversely, a bounce will reduce casualties linearly with the amount of OP sent.

A dominion which has been invaded recently also suffers reduced casualties.

• First invasion: 100% (of the base).
• Second invasion: 80%.
• Third invasion: 60%.
• Fourth invasion: 55%.
• Fifth invasion: 45%
• Sixth invasion and more: 35%.

A dominion retains its 'invaded' status for 24 ticks beginning the tick the invasion occurs. For example, you are hit once at 15:40 you will retain a recently invaded count of 1 until 15:00 on the following day.

Defensive casualties on a raze (unsuccessful attack) scale from no casualties below 80% linearly to full casualties at a failed invasion just below the offense needed to successfully invade the target.

All of these modifiers to the base casualty rate occur before additional casualty reduction.

Overwhelmed bounces (failing an invasion by more than 15%) produce zero defensive casualties.

Casualty Reduction

Casualty reduction bonuses are split into two types: unit bonuses and non-unit bonuses.

As the names suggest, the unit bonuses are inherent to the units themselves, e.g. Human Knights, Nox Lich, or the various Reduced Combat Loss bonuses like Goblin Shamans. Non-unit bonuses consist of all other bonuses including techs, racial spells, and buildings.

Bonuses that fall within the same category are additive with each other. A Human with -25% casualties from techs and -25% casualties from Shrines would have only half casualties on Cavalry because both bonuses are non-unit modifiers. However, cross-category bonuses are multiplicative. That same Human's Knights, if sent on an attack, would have total casualties of

$0.085*0.5*0.75=0.031875=3.1875\%$

Non-unit bonuses cap at -80%; having max 16% Shrines (-80% casualties) and -25% casualties in techs means you have 5% Shrines that are above the cap and cannot apply their bonus.

Casualty reductions do not work with Gnome Suicide Squads.

List of Casualty Reducing Bonuses

Type	Unit	Non-Unit
Offensive Only	Firewalker Salamander: 50% fewer casualties on offense	Shrines
Defensive Only	Goblin Shaman: Reduces combat losses Icekin Snow Witch: Reduces combat losses Orc Voodoo Mage: Reduces combat losses	None
Offensive & Defensive	Human Knight: 25% fewer casualties Nomad Blademaster: 25% fewer casualties Dwarf Cleric: Reduces combat losses Halfling Staff Master: 40% fewer casualties Sylvan Centaur: 25% fewer casualties Lycanthrope Werewolf: 25% fewer casualties on offense, 50% fewer casualties on defense Nox Lich: 50% fewer casualties Troll Basher: Reduces combat losses	Battle Tactics tech: 5% fewer casualties Survivalist Mentality tech: 5% fewer casualties Battle Commanders tech: 7.5% fewer casualties Field Surgery tech: 7.5% fewer casualties Regeneration spell (troll only) Bloodrage spell (orc only)

Reduced Combat Losses

Units with reduced combat losses, or RCL, offer a range of casualty reduction from 0 to 50% based on what percentage of your army consists of the unit.

$RCLreduction={\frac {RCLunit/TotalUnits}{2}}$

If a dwarf send 10,000 Clerics on an attack and no additional units, their offensive casualty reduction will be

$RCLreduction={\frac {10,000/10,000}{2}}=0.5=50\%reduction$

If that same dwarf leaves 10,000 Clerics at home along with 10,000 miners their defensive casualty reduction will only be half of their offensive reduction,

$RCLreduction={\frac {10,000/20,000}{2}}=0.25=25\%reduction$

Immortality (Almost Never Dies)

Some units have a special ability which renders them immortal. The term almost never dies is used in the Scribes.

These units suffer no casualties at all except for certain circumstances.

• Immortal units always die at the base rate of 3.5% when attacking Wonders.
• Immortal units always die during an overwhelmed bounce (failing an invasion by more than 15% difference in OP vs DP).
• Dark Elf Spirit Warriors die if attacking a Dwarf with Clerics, a dominion in a realm which controls the High Clerics Tower, or by attacking targets less than 75% your size
• Firewalker Phoenix only suffer casualties when attacked by Icekin, regardless of whether the invasion is successful.
• Spirit or Undead units will die if attacking or being attacked by a Dwarf with Clerics, attacking or being attacked by a dominion in a realm which controls the High Clerics Towers, or if invaded by a Human or Nomad that has cast Crusade.

See Also

• Invading
• Offensive power
• Defensive power
• Prestige